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TECHNICAL PAPER COLLECTOR’S EDITION

development work, which has established the to the anticipated increased world-wide
suitability of RCA for use in designated concrete construction activity and with it the demand
mixes and developed performance related for RSA.
approach for the use of recycled aggregate can be
adopted as a role model in realising greater use of • Major research world-wide has shown that
RSA in sustainable concrete construction. 6, 17 RA can be used in concrete - and that there
are few (if any) application issues related
to its use. However, further work is needed
Such requirements are consistent with the to gradually develop the much wanted
increasing demand from clients for products
with recycled content, and the growing demand knowledge base and the necessary tools for
for concrete produced with recycled aggregates. the industry to be able to use this resource
The recent development of washing plants in the routinely and with confidence.
UK (recycling centres) producing quality recycled • Significant steps are being taken to improve
aggregates is increasing the availability of these the quality of RA and new standards are
aggregates, and research that complements these easing its use in higher value applications.
developments is needed. 39 Nonetheless, this is very much limited to
few countries and the message has to travel
Thus, the challenge for the future is, worldwide to make a meaningful difference
to the sustainable use of RSA in concrete.
1. For researchers, to become much more • Practice has yet to catch up with the
pragmatic and realistic in their approach.
knowledge, and/or it could be argued that
2. Government bodies, to invest more liberally the knowledge needs to be sufficiently sound
in research where the perceived deliverables and capable of being packaged in a manner
are attainable and workable.
that is easily workable. This will help to share
3. Concrete and aggregates producers, to information on real use and allow confidence
engage actively in research and thereby to be gained.
help to achieve the desired results.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
4. End users, to actively seek opportunities to This paper, in large part, is based on the extensive
put research into practice.
research, undertaken by the authors at the
This calls for all stakeholders to work together University of Dundee, UK, since 1996, in the area
to deliver sustainable and appropriate use of of sustainability, environment impact and recycled
resources and aggregates for concrete. and secondary aggregates, in collaboration with
several UK Government Departments, Research

CONCLUDING REMARKS Council, Construction Industry, as well as involving
a number of colleagues, Drs T.D. Dyer, M.C.
This paper has shown that:
Limbachiya, J.E. Halliday, L.J. Csetenyi. and L. Zheng
and numerous postgraduate students, whose
• There is significant potential for growth contribution to the specific research projects
of recycled and secondary aggregates with which they were involved, is most gratefully
as an appropriate and “green” solution acknowledged.

124 The Indian Concrete Journal | November 2018