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TECHNICAL PAPER

Figure 1: Cement Figure 2: Fly ash Figure 3: GGBS

[16]
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 33.2 %; MgO, 9.5 %; K 2 O, 0.39 %; Na 2 O, 0.34 %; SO 3 , 0.66 % .
GGBS improves concrete durability and chemical attack
Cement resistance and reduces the heat of hydration. It also reduces
carbon dioxide by replacing a percentage of cement . GGBS
[17]
The cement utilized in the study was ordinary Portland cement
(OPC) of grade 53 conforming to IS: 12269 (1987) as shown is shown in Figure 3.
in Figure 1 and most often, OPC of grade 53 conforming to Manufactured sand (M-Sand) and recycled fine
IS: 12269 (1987) as shown in Figure 1 and has the chemical
composition of the cement is 66.67 % CaO; 18.91 % SiO 2 ; 4.94 % aggregate (RFA)
Fe 2 O 3 ; 4.51 % Al 2 O 3 ; 2.5 % SO 3 ; 0.87 % MgO; 0.43 % K 2 O; 0.12 % M-Sand and RFA obtained from the construction and demolition
[14]
Na 2 O and a loss of ignition at 1.05 . waste recycling plant, both conforming to Zone II of IS: 383,
were used as fine aggregate having a water absorption of 2.2 %
Fly ash and 5 % respectively as shown in Figures 4, 5 and sieve analysis

Class-F type fly ash which is silica rich material designated as per distribution curve shown in Figure 6. Crushed coarse aggregates
ASTM C 618. Class-F fly ash is shown in Figure 2. of a maximum size of 10 mm were used in the study.

The chemical compounds of Class-F fly ash composition used in M-sand has a chemical composition of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) of
this context include 61.85 % SiO 2 , 28.03 % Al 2 O 3 , 5.03 % Fe 2 O 3 , 67.62 %, aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) of 15.43 %, iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 )
1.06 % CaO, 1.05 % MgO, 0.07 % SO 3 , 0.21 % Na 2 O, 1.34 % K 2 O, of 5.58 %, calcium oxide (CaO) of 3.25 %, sodium and potassium
[15]
loss on ignition (LOI) of 0.95 % . Fly ash improves concrete oxides at 4.01 %. The material also bears a loss on ignition (LOI)
workability requires less water, and also contributes to increased of 3.25 %. The properties of manufactured sand, including its
concrete long term strength by its pozzolanic reaction with presence as a fine aggregate in concrete mixtures, are reflected
calcium hydroxide. Additionally, it can delay setting time and by this composition, which contains major oxides commonly
can greatly enhance the sustainability and cost effectiveness of found in manufactured sand [18-19] .
concrete .
[15]
Superplasticizer
Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)
The water used for mixing and curing concrete specimens was
The ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is primarily potable; Polycarboxylic ether (PCE) superplasticizers are high
composed of SiO 2 , 34.4 %; Al 2 O 3 , 21.5 %; Fe 2 O 3 , 0.2 %; CaO, performance water reducing admixtures, which increase the

Figure 4: M-Sand Figure 5: Recycled fine aggregates

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