Page 10 - ICJ Feb Openaccess 2026

TECHNICAL PAPER

fibres. However, the data shows a significant scatter in strength caps”, ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 117, No. 2, pp. 211-223.
and diagonal cracking load, possibly due to non-homogeneous https://doi.org/10.14359/51721
and anisotropic nature of SFRC concrete. Even though hooked
fibres and crimped fibres are reported to be more effective [6] Joost W., and Agnieszka B. V. (2013). “Fib model code
in literature, the study could not establish this due to limited for concrete structures 2010”, First Edition, International
experimental data. Federation for Structural Concrete.
[7] RILEM TC 162-TDF (2003). “Test and design methods for
The study also summarised existing models for shear strength
prediction of SFRC deep beams involving two to seven steel fibre reinforced concrete: Uni-axial tension test for
[38]
parameters. Three recent models by Moradi et al. (2017) , steel fibre reinforced concrete”, Materials and Structures,
[39]
[25]
Mihaylov et al. (2021) , Dang et al. (2021) , were selected Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 560-567.
for a comparative study to understand the influence of fibre [8] ACI 318-19 (2019). “Building code requirements for
factor on strength. The models by Mihaylov et al. (2021) structural concrete and commentary”, American Concrete
[39]
[25]
and Dang et al. (2021) overpredicted the strength of SFRC Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.
deep beam with hooked steel fibres, when compared with
experimental results. The strut-and-tie based model proposed [9] AASHTO (2017). “AASHTO LRFD bridge design
th
by Moradi et al. (2017) , could not capture the contribution of specifications”, 8 Edition, American Association of State
[38]
fibres, due to its inability to obtain the strength enhancement Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington DC.
when the main tie yields at failure. Nevertheless, a strut-and-tie [10] EN 1992-1-1 (2023). “Eurocode 2: Design of concrete
based model considering contribution of fibres is conservative structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings,
and may be adopted. bridges and civil engineering structures”, European

SFRC is found to be effective in controlling crack width and Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
enhancing ductility of deep beams, thus improving the service [11] Narayanan, R., and Darwish, I.Y.S. (1987). “Use of steel
life and eliminating the likelihood of sudden failures in these fibers as shear reinforcement”, Structural Journal, Vol. 84,
members. Though a strength increase is observed from the No. 3, pp. 216-227.
study, considering the significant scatter in the results, a more
comprehensive experimental work is required to establish this [12] Furlan Jr. S., and de Hanai, J. B. (1997). “Shear behavior of
quantitively. As deep beams are usually designed using strut- fiber reinforced concrete beams”, Cement and concrete
and-tie method, a strut-and-tie based model is therefore more composites. Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 359–366. https://doi.
practically feasible for SFRC deep beams. Detailed design org/10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00031-0.
recommendations for this may be developed by conducting [13] Di Prisco, M., Plizzari, G., and Vandewalle, L. (2009). “Fibre
relevant experimental studies.
reinforced concrete: new design perspectives”, Materials
and Structures, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 1261-1281. https://doi.
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18 THE INDIAN CONCRETE JOURNAL | FEBRUARY 2026