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TECHNICAL PAPER

Table 3: Quantity of ingredients for GPCT, GPCA and CC (kg/cubic metre volume)

GPCT GPCA CC
MATERIALS
A B C D E F G H I J K L
Fly ash 300 380 460 540 288 364.8 441.6 518.4 0 0 0 0
Cement 0 0 0 0 12 15.2 18.4 21.6 300 358 402 465
80 101.33 122.67 144 80 101.33 122.67 144 0 0 0 0
Na 2 SiO 3
NaOH 40 50.67 61.33 72 40 50.67 61.33 72 0 0 0 0
River sand 314 299 285 270 314 299 285 270 302 292 286 276
Sea sand 384 366 348 330 384 366 348 330 370 358 349 338
C.A.-20 mm 915 872 829 786 915 872 829 786 874 844 825 798
C.A.-10 mm 388 370 352 334 388 370 352 334 374 362 354 342
Water 78.34 60.5 42.7 24.8 78.34 60.5 42.7 24.8 180 187 185 182
w/b ratio 0.41 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.41 0.32 0.26 0.22 0.6 0.52 0.46 0.39
Super-plasticizer 1.51 1.9 3.7 5.4 1.51 1.9 3.7 5.4 0 0 0 0

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2.3 Methodology at ambient temperature 27 C to 39 C up to its testing for
compressive strength. The ambient curing has been provided
Mixing and casting of GPC has been carried out as per the to the specimens of mixes E, F, G and H from casting to till
specification of Indian standard for conventional concrete. The testing. The specimen of mixes I, J, K and L has been removed
mixes A, B, C, D and mixes E, F, G, H have been prepared for from mould after twenty four hours and put in the water tank for
GPCT and GPCA respectively. Similarly the mixes I, J, K, L have curing up to 28 days.
been prepared for CC. After 24 hours of casting of specimens of
o
mixes A, B, C and D, the temperature curing of 80 C has been Total 504 cubes have been prepared for durability test. Out
provided for the duration of 24 hours. For temperature curing, of that, 252 cube specimens have been taken for acid attack
the hot air oven has been used. After temperature curing, cubes test and another 252 cubes for sulphate attack test. A total of
has been removed from the mould and kept in a laboratory 252 cubes were used, with the first 84 cubes made of GPCT, the
next 84 cubes made of GPCA, and the remaining cubes made
Table 4: Workability and compressive strength of of CC. For compressive strength and durability test 100 × 100 ×
GPCT, GPCA and CC 100 mm size cube has been casted. The compressive strength
has been carried out after 28 days. Total 36 cube specimens has
28 DAYS
WATER/ WORKABILITY
TYPES OF COMPRESSIVE been tested for compressive strength of GPCT, GPCA and CC.
CONCRETE MIX BINDER BY SLUMP TEST STRENGTH (f cu ) The average strength of three specimens were calculated for
RATIO (mm)
(MPa)
each mix and considered as the final strength.
A 0.4 265 25.73
The specimens of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm is used for the
B 0.31 240 30.81
GPCT test of acid attack and sulphate attack. The attack of acid
C 0.25 225 36.96
and sulphate has been measured in terms of weight loss,
D 0.21 210 40.59 compressive strength and visual appearance of concrete at
E 0.4 240 26.28 specific interval of exposure. Before putting the specimens in
F 0.31 210 30.35 the acid and sulphate solution initial weight of each specimen
GPCA has been recorded with their identification. The specimens
G 0.25 195 35.93
were placed sequentially in the tank according to their mix
H 0.21 180 39.7 and type. So that identification of specimens will be easy even
I 0.6 180 25.207 after removal of their identification mark due to attack. The
J 0.52 160 30.78 compressive strength and weight loss / gain is recorded after
CC seven different immersion periods throughout the year. The
K 0.46 145 34.865
immersion / exposure period was one week, four weeks, eight
L 0.39 130 40.755 weeks, twelve weeks, twenty-four week, thirty-six week and fifty-

70 THE INDIAN CONCRETE JOURNAL | FEBRUARY 2026