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TECHNICAL PAPER

Figure 21: Powder mineralogy for aggregates: (a) Limestone before; (b) Limestone after fire at 550°C; (c) Limestone after exposure to NaOH at 80°C;
(d) Limestone after exposure to hot liquid sodium at 550°C; (e) Granite before; (f) Granite after fire at 550°C; (g) Granite after exposure to NaOH at
80°C; (h) Granite after exposure to hot liquid sodium at 550°C; (i) River sand before; (j) River sand after fire at 550°C; (k) River sand after exposure to
NaOH at 80°C; (l) River sand after exposure to hot liquid sodium at 550°C, Haneefa et al., (2013) [21]

geology to study the origin, geochemistry, and weathering sciences related to decoding of ancient construction materials,
attributes of rocks [6-11] . This technique is widely used in concrete or damaged modern materials are nearly impossible without
research in characterizing the concrete constituents to qualify using petrographic techniques [75,76] .
them to use in concretes with respect to the engineering There are many standard texts available in the literature related
properties, physical, thermal, and chemical constancies. to aggregate, and concrete petrography. The classic references
Furthermore, petrography is used as forensic tool in concrete are ‘concrete petrography- A handbook of investigative
sciences to unravel the degradation mechanisms [74] . Forensic techniques’ by Poole and Sims and ‘an introduction to the
[6]

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